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Note: Zenshinza was created in 1931 by kabuki actors who rebelled against the closed, feudal system that controlled traditional kabuki, and reformist shingeki (new drama) directors. Operating on the ideals of glearning from tradition, carrying on that tradition with critical awareness, and creating new theater,h they not only presented traditional kabuki plays but also created and performed new kabuki and other types of dramatic works. Eschewing the star system, all members were given equal billing and lived communally, based on organizational principles that were heavily influenced by Communism. The group had close ties with China; in 1956 a Beijing Opera group led by Mei Lanfang saw a Zenshinza production while visiting Japan, and Zenshinza members also visited China twice to perform, once in 1960 and once at the height of the Cultural Revolution in 1966. |
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